Solar
energy comes in many forms. The majority of us are most familiar
with solar cells, but there are actually many different ways to create
and store solar energy. Here are a few of those ways:
· Solar Cells – Most of us have seen solar cells used
on calculators with LCDs. But they have also been used in many other
ways. Solar cells use semiconductors (oftentimes, silicon) to generate
electricity, directly from the sunlight.
· Solar Fibers – This is also a photovoltaic device (like
the solar cells), only it does not use silicon. Rather, it has a solar
tape that is made with titanium dioxide. This tape could actually
be combined with building materials or even clothing.
· Solar Pond – A solar pond is made of three layers:
the top layer as low salt content. The middle layer is an insulating
layer with salt, and it prevents natural convection in the water (which
would normally cause heat exchange). The bottom layer as a very high
salt content, and this layer can approach high temperatures. Because
of all the densities in salt of the different layers, there are no
convection currents (which normally transfer heat to the surface and
then the air). The heat that gets trapped in the bottom layer can
be used to heat buildings, generate electricity, or in industrial
processes.
· Solar Chemical – There are a number of different solar
energy processes that absorb sunlight in a chemical reaction to create
that solar energy. More research is needed on solar chemical energy
before we can apply it practically. Much of this research is on photoelectrolysis
of water.
· Solar Updraft Tower – This is a type of solar energy
plant in which air passes under an agricultural glass house, gets
heated by the sun, and is then channel up toward a convection tower.
It is used to drive turbines which generate electricity.
· Energy Tower – This tower uses water, unfortunately,
but it is also a good design and works in a similar way to the solar
updraft tower. Water is sprayed at the top of the water. The water
evaporates which causes a downdraft by cooling the air. This coolness
increases the density of the air and then drives turbines that are
at the bottom of the tower.
These are just a few ways in which solar energy has been and is being
created. Perhaps the most common household type of solar energy is
that created by solar cells. Nonetheless, these other types are very
promising and certainly have their place.